ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The most important morphological characteristic of infections caused by M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is granuloma formation. The growth of mycobacteria is in accordance with anti-bacterial effector mechanisms of the host within granuloma. The most important cytokines for „orchestrating“the host defense are interferon γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Myofibroblasts that make up a peripheral layer of granuloma largely express receptors for TGF-β1. This cytokine is believed to affect the induction of myofibroblast proliferation. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of myofibroblasts in the formation and sustainability of granuloma during natural infection of pigs with M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Examinations have been performed on the samples of Lnn. jejunales, Lnn. ileocolici and Lnn. colici of 100 pigs with a positive tuberculin skin test. The molecular method confirmed the presence of a genome M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The microscopic examination of lymph node samples stained by the routine hematoxyilin-eosin (HE) method, showed the presence of granulomatous lymphadenitis. The method of double immunohistochemical staining revealed that myofibroblasts which express TGF-β1 receptor type I (TGF-β1RI) and α smooth muscle actin (α SMA) have an important role in the morphogenesis of granulomatous lymphadenitis in pigs infected with MAH. https://macvetrev.mk/Files/Article/2019/10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0030/macvetrev-2017-0030-5.pdf 2018-03-15T09:00:00 47 53 10.2478/macvetrev-2017-0030 Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis granuloma myofibroblast TGF-β1 TGF-β1RI Vladimir Polaček vlade@niv.ns.ac.rs false 1 Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenacki Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia LEAD_AUTHOR Dejan Vidanović false 2 Veterinary Specialized Institute “Kraljevo”, Zicka 34, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia AUTHOR Biljana Božić false 3 Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenacki Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia AUTHOR Žolt Beckei false 4 Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Bulevar Oslobodenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia AUTHOR Ivana Vučićević false 5 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Bulevar Oslobodenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia AUTHOR Jasna Prodanov-Radulović false 6 Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenacki Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia AUTHOR Sanja Aleksić-Kovacević false 7 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Bulevar Oslobodenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia AUTHOR Inderlied, C.B., Kemper, C.A., Bermudez, L.E. 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