CASE_STUDY A rare case of uterine leiomyosarcoma associated with chondriod metaplasia, cystic endometrial polyps and uterine horn intussusception in a greater cane rat was macroscopically, histopathologically, immuno-histochemically and ultrastructurally evaluated. The histopathological findings for this tumour were similar to those for leiomyosarcomas described in other species. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated positive immunoreactivity of neoplastic cells with α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, nuclear and cytoplasmic features were consistent with leiomyosarcoma. These results revealed the tumour to be of smooth muscle origin. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of uterine leiomyosarcoma associated with cystic endometrial polyps, chondriod metaplasia and uterine horn intussusception in a greater cane rat. https://macvetrev.mk/Files/Article/2020/10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0019/macvetrev-2020-0019.pdf 2020-10-15T09:00:00 197 204 10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0019 uterine leiomyosarcoma endometrial polyps chondriod metaplasia uterine horn intussusception Greater cane rat Olusola Lawrence Ajayi alabsola@yahoo.com false 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria LEAD_AUTHOR Moshood Olajire Olaniyi false 2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria AUTHOR Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka false 3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria AUTHOR Richard Edem Antia false 4 Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria AUTHOR Temitope Morenikeji Oladipo false 5 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria AUTHOR Jori, F., Cooper, J.E., Casal, J. (2001a). Postmortem findings in captive cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) in Gabon. Veterinary Record 148(20): 624-628. PMid:11394798 1 10.1136/vr.148.20.624 Jori, F., Cooper, J.E. (2001b). Spontaneous neoplasms in captive african cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck, 1827). Vet. Pathol. 38, 556-558. PMid:11572565 2 10.1354/vp.38-5-556 Mozzachio, K., Linder, K., Dixon, D.  (2004). Uterine smooth muscle tumors in potbellied pigs (Sus scrofa) resemble human fibroids: a potential animal model. Toxicol Pathol. 32, 402-407. PMid:15307213 3 10.1080/01926230490440880 Bagley, R.S., Levy, J.K., Malarkey, D.E. (1996). Hypoglycemia associated with intra- abdominal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma in six dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 208(1): 69-71. 4 Mumba, C., Pandey, G.S., Kabali, E., Shibahara, T., Kubo, M. (2011). Uterine fibroleiomyoma in a 12 year old sow. Indian J Vet Pathol. 35(1): 84-86. 5 Sapundzhiev, E., Pupaki D., Zahariev P., Georgiev G., Ivanov I., (2007). Fibroleiomyoma in elephant uterus. J Vet Med Series A. 54 (9): 499-500. PMid:17931224 6 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00949.x Pringproa, K., Madarame, H., Sritun, J., Bumpenpol, P., Pedsri, P., Somgird, C. Thitaram, C. (2015). Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of spontaneous uterine leiomyomas in two captive Asian Elephants. Thai J Vet Med. 45(2): 289-294. 7 Assikis, V.J., Neven, P., Jordan, V.C., Vergote, I. (1996). A realistic clinical perspective of tamoxifen and endometrial carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer. 32A(9): 1464-1476. 8 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00184-0 Walsh, K.M., Poteracki, J. (1994). Spontaneous neoplasms in control Wistar rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 22(1): 65-72. 9 10.1093/toxsci/22.1.65 Meuten, D.J. (2002). Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. (p.788). Iowa State: University of California. 10 10.1002/9780470376928 Silva, A.E., Ocarino, N.M., Cassali, G.D., Nascimento, E.F., Coradini, M.A., Serakides, R. (2006). Uterine leiomyoma in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 58(1): 129- 132. 11 10.1590/S0102-09352006000100020 Terasaki, M., Terasaki, Y., Yoneyama, K., Kuwahara, N., Wakamatsu, K., Nagahama, K., Kunugi, S., Takeshita, T., Shimizu A.  (2015). Uterine leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells associated with high expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB- ligand. Hum Pathol. 46(11): 1679-1684. PMid:26315618 12 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.04.018 Chassy, L.M., Gardner, I.A., Plotka, E.D., Munson L. (2002). Genital tract smooth muscle tumors are common in zoo felids but are not associated with melengestrol acetate contraceptive treatment. Vet Pathol. 39(3): 379-385. PMid:12014502 13 10.1354/vp.39-3-379 Verkauf, B.S. (1992). Myomectomy for fertility enhancement and preservation. Fertil Steril. 58(1): 1-15. 14 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55128-0 Moody, K.D., Weir, E.C., Morgenstern, S.E., Barthold S.W. (1996). Resumption of fertility after myomectomy for uterine leiomyoma in a rhesus macaque. Lab Anim Sci. 46(1): 120- 122. 15 Santschi, E.M., Slone, D.E. (1994). Successful pregnancy after partial hysterectomy in two mares.  J Am Vet Med Assoc. 205(8): 1180-1182. 16 Joel, R. L., Micheal, P. J. (1990). Oviduct, uterus, and vagina. In: G.A. Boorman, S. L. Eustis, M. R. Elwell (Eds.), Pathology of the Fischer rat - Reference and atlas (pp. 443459). San Diego: Academic Press. 17 Anisimov, V. N., Nikonov, A. A. (1990). Tumours  of the vagina, uterus and oviduct. In : V.S. Turusov, U. Mohr (Eds.), Pathology of tumours in laboratory animals (pp. 445-471). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 18 Cooper, B.J., Valentine, B.A. (2002). Tumors of muscles. In : D. J. Meuten, (Ed), Tumor in domestic animals (pp. 319-363). Ames: Iowa State Press. PMid:18246071 19 10.1002/9780470376928.ch6 Tirumani, S.H., Deaver, P., Shinagare, A.B., Tirumani, H., Hornick, J.L., George, S.,    Ramaiya, N.H. (2014).              Metastatic            pattern   of          uterine leiomyosarcoma: retrospective analysis of the predictors and outcome in 113 patients. J Gynecol Oncol. 25(4): 306-312. PMid:25142630 PMCid:PMC4195301 20 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.306 Bartosch, C., Mariana, A. Ana, S., Pires, L., Galaghar, A., Guimaraes,  M.  Antunes,  L.J., Lopes, M. (2017). Distant metastases in uterine leiomyosarcomas: the wide variety of body sites and time intervals to metastatic relapse. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 36(1): 31-41. PMid:27015437 21 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000284 Ochi, F., Furuno, K., Chong, P., Tezuka, J., Mizuno, Y., Aoki, T., Ishii, E. (2017). Bilateral hydronephrosis due to obstructive ureteral stone associated with norovirus gastroenteritis. Clinical  Case  Reports 5(6): 936-938. PMid:28588843 PMCid:PMC5458008 22 10.1002/ccr3.952 Kuroda, K., Osaki, T., Harada, K., Yamashita, M., Murahata, Y., Azuma, K., Tsuka, T., Ito, N., Imagawa, T., Okamoto, Y. (2017). Uterine torsion in  a full-term pregnant cat. JFMS Open Reports. 3(2). PMid:28839948 PMCid:PMC5564926 23 10.1177/2055116917726228 Proulx, G., Keith, M., Neil, M., Benjamin, P. (2009). Uterine prolapse in an adult Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii). Canadian Field-Naturalist. 123(4): 370-371. 24 10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1006 Ajayi, O.L., Antia R.E., Omotainse, S.O. (2008). Oviductal volvulus in a Nera black chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Nigeria. Avian Pathol. 37(2): 139-140. PMid:18393090 25 10.1080/03079450801895324 Ajayi, O.L., Antia, R.E. (2010). Oviductal lymphangiectasia secondary to mesosalphinx leiomyoma in a chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) - a case report. Vet Arhiv. 80(1): 155-161. 26 Yi, J.Y., Kim, Y.H., Yoon, B.I. (2008). Primary subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma of the hamster hind leg. J Vet Med Sci. 70(5): 517-520. PMid:18525178 27 10.1292/jvms.70.517 Jeon, B.S., Kim, H.G., Lee, B.W., Han, J.H., Yoon, B.I. (2013). Uterine leiomyosarcoma in a wild rat (Rattus norvegicus): usefulness of Ki-67 labeling index for diagnosis. Lab Anim Res. 29(2): 127-130. PMid:23825485 PMCid:PMC3696625 28 10.5625/lar.2013.29.2.127 Vemireddi, V., Ingeborg, M., Langohr, H., Thacker, L. (2007). Polypoid uterine leiomyosarcomas in a sheep. J Vet Diagn Invest. 19(3): 309-312. PMid:17459865 29 10.1177/104063870701900316