SHORT_COMMUNICATION Thirty (30) adult male goats were injected xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM) and randomly divided into three equal groups. Internal pudendal nerve block was tried using 3.5 ml (on each side) of 1% lignocaine hydrochloride byischiorectal fossa or ischial arch approaches in goats from Group 1 and Group 2 respectively, 15 minutes after giving xylazine. Inadvertent puncture of the rectal wall and prick to the finger placed in the rectum was experienced once in Group 1 animal. None of the animals showed protrusion of the penis without manual manipulation. Prolapse of the prepucial ring was noticed in three animals from Group 1 and two each from Group 2 and 3. The application of mild manual push percutaneously resulted in the exposure of the penis in eight and six animals belonging to Group 1 and Group 2 respectively, 15 minutes after injection of the local anaesthetic. Statistically significant (P>0.05) difference between Group 1 and 2 values was detected only once at 90 minutes following injection of the local anaesthetic. The block lasted longer in animals of Group 1. The exposed organ was flaccid and insensitive. The organ retracted into the prepucial cover within five minutes of its release in all the animals. The penile exposure could not be achieved by similar manipulation in any of the Group 3 animals. From this study it was concluded that the ischiorectal fossa approach is cumbersome and may lead to inadvertent punctures, but the block develops in more number of animals for a longer period than with the ischial arch approach.The outcome of the two techniques did not show statistically significant (P>0.05) difference for most of the assessment period. Reducing the concentration of lignocaine hydrochloride may reduce the chances of continued relaxation of the penis beyond the required period and also the drug toxicity. However, studies using larger volume of 1% lignocaine hydrochloride may be undertaken for short term exposure of the penis without manual manipulation. https://macvetrev.mk/Files/Article/2020/10.1515/macvetrev-2015-0064/macvetrev-2015-0064.pdf 2016-03-15T09:00:00 111 115 10.2478/macvetrev-2015-0064 pudendal nerve block goat penis prepuce ischiorectal ischial arch Mujeebur Rehman Fazili fazili_mr@yahoo.co.in false 1 Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Shere Kashmir Universityof Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, Kashmir, India LEAD_AUTHOR Nida n false 2 Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, Kashmir, India AUTHOR Mohd Younus Mir false 3 Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, Kashmir, India AUTHOR Beenish Qureshi false 4 Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, Kashmir, India AUTHOR Galatos, A.D. (2011). Anesthesia and analgesia in sheep and goats. Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract. 27, 47-59. PMid:21215889 1 10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.10.007 Gilbert, R.O., Fubini, S.L. (2004). Surgery of the bovine reproductive system and urinary tract. In: Fubini, S.L & Ducharme, N.G. (Ed.), Farm animal surgery (pp. 353-354). First edition, Elsevier (USA), St. Louis 2 Larson, L.L. (1953). The internal pudendal (pudic) nerve block for anaesthesia of the penis and relaxation of the retractor penis muscle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assos. 123, 18-27. PMid:13061360 3 McFarlane, I.S. (1963). The lateral approach to pudendal nerve block in the bovine and ovine. J. S. African Vet. Med. Ass. 34, 73-76. 4 El-Kammar, M.H., Alsafy, M.A. (2006). Pudendal nerve blockage: Surgical and topographical anatomical study in goat. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet. Med. J. 4, 1011-1030. 5 Tranquilli, W.J., Thurmon, J.C., Grimm, K.A. (2007). Lumb and Jone’s veterinary anesthesia and analgesia (pp. 662-663). Fourth edition. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, USA 6 Elmore, R.G. (1981). Food-animal regional anesthesia. Edwardsville, KS, Veterinary Medicine Publishing 7 Clarke, K.W., Trim, C.M., Hall, L.W. (2014). Veterinary Anaesthesia. (pp.319, 325-326, 347). Eleventh edition. London: Saunders Elsevier, England 8 Gray, P.R., McDonnell, W. (1986). Anaesthesia in sheep and goat. Part1. Local analgesia. Compend.Contin.Educ. 8, S3. 9 Turner, S.A., Mellwaraith, W.C. (1989). Techniques in large animal surgery. Lea & Febiger (Ed). Third edition, Philladelphia, London 10 Abdi, S., Shenouda, P., Patel, N., Saini, B., Bharat, Y., Calvillo, O. (2004). A novel technique for pudendal nerve block. Pain Physician. 7, 319-322. PMid:16858468 11