3. Abd El-Ghany, W.A. (2021). Uses of immunoglobulins as an antimicrobials alternative in Veterinary Medicine. World Vet J. 11(1): 16-22.
https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2021.wvj2 4. Abd El-Ghany, W.A., Abdel-Latif, M.A., Hosny, F., Alatfeehy, N.M., Noreldin, A.E., Quesnell, R.R., Chapman, R., et al. (2022). Comparative efficacy of postbiotic, probiotic, and antibiotic against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 101(8): 101988.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101988 PMid:35809347 PMCid:PMC9272375
5. Abd El Ghany, W.A., Fouad, H., Quesnell, R., Sakai, L. (2022). The effect of a postbiotic produced by stabilized non-viable Lactobacilli on the health, growth performance, immunity, and gut status of colisepticaemic broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod. 54(5): 286.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03300-w PMid:36083376 PMCid:PMC9463281
6. Hady, M.M., Zaki, M.M., Abd El-Ghany, W.A., Korany, R.M.S. (2016). Assessment of the broilers performance, gut healthiness and carcass characteristics in response to dietary inclusion of dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Int J Environ Agric Res. 2(6): 153-159.
7. Zaki, M.M., Abd El-Ghany, W.A., Hady, M.M., Korany, R.M.S. (2016). Effect of certain phytobiotics on the immune response of Newcastle disease vaccinated broiler chickens. Asian J Poult Sci. 10(3): 134-140.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ajpsaj.2016.134.140 8. Abd El-Ghany, W.A. (2020). Phytobiotics in poultry industry as growth promoters, antimicrobials and immunomodulators - a review. J World Poult Res. 10(4): 571-579.
https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2020.65 9. Abd El-Ghany, W.A., Eraky, R. (2020). Influence of dietary Moringa oleifera on broilers performance, intestinal microbial population and humoral immune competence. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc. 70(4): 1805-1810.
https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.22224 10. Abd El-Ghany, W.A. (2020). A Review on the use of Azolla species in poultry production. J World Poult Res. 10(2): 378-384.
https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2020.44 11. Abd El-Ghany, W.A. (2022). The potential uses of silymarin, a milk thistle (Silybum marianum) derivative, in poultry production system. Online J Anim Feed Res. 12(1): 46-52.
https://doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2022.7 12. Abd El-Ghany, W.A., Babazadeh, D. (2022). Betaine: a potential nutritional metabolite in the poultry industry. Animals 12(19): 2624.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192624 PMid:36230366 PMCid:PMC9559486
13. Ross, I.A. (1999). Medicinal plants of world. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana press
14. Ercisli, S., Gadze, J., Agar, G., Yildirim, N., Hizarci, Y. (2011). Genetic relationships among wild pomegranate (Punica granatum) genotypes from Coruh Valley in Turkey. Genet Mol Res. 10(1): 459-464.
https://doi.org/10.4238/vol10-1gmr1155 PMid:21425096
15. Pienaar, L. (2021). The Economic contribution of South Africa’s pomegranate industry. South Africa: Western Cape Department of Agriculture
16. Sharma, J., Ramchandra, K.K., Sharma, D., Meshram, D.T., Maity, A.N.N. (2014). Pomegranate: cultivation marketing and utilization.
17. Ismail, T., Sestili, P., Akhar, S. (2012). Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: a review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 143(2): 397-405.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.004 PMid:22820239
18. Naveena, B.M., Sen, A.R., Vaithiyanathan, S., Babji, Y., Kondaiah, N. (2008). Comparative efficacy of pomegranate juice, pomegranate rind powder extract and BHT as antioxidants in cooked chicken patties. Meat Sci. 80(4): 1304-1308.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.06.005 PMid:22063872
19. Kandylis, P., Kokkinomagoulos, E. (2020). Food applications and potential health benefits of pomegranate and its derivatives. Foods. 9(2): 122.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020122 PMid:31979390 PMCid:PMC7074153
20. Akhtar, S., Ismail, T., Fraternale, D., Sestili, P. (2015). Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: Chemistry and food features. Food Chem. 174, 417-425.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.035 PMid:25529700
21. Ahmed, S.T., Islam, M.M., Bostami, A.B., Mun, H.S., Kim, Y.J., Yang, C.J. (2015). Meat composition, fatty acid profle and oxidative stability of meat from broilers supplemented with pomegranate (Punica granatum
L.) by products. Food Chem. 188(1-2): 481-488.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.140 PMid:26041221
22. Ghasemi-Sadabadi, M., Ebrahimnezhad, Y., Maheri-Sis, N., Ghalehkandi, J.G., Shaddel-Teli, A. (2021). Immune response and antioxidant status of broilers as influenced by oxidized vegetable oil and pomegranate peel. J Anim Sci Technol. 63(5): 1034-1063.
https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2021.e99 PMid:34796346 PMCid:PMC8564296
23. Ghasemi Sadabadi, M., Ebrahimnezhad, Y., Maheri-Sis, N., Shaddel-Teli, A., Ghalehkandi J.G., Veldkamp, T. (2022). Effects of supplementation of pomegranate processing by products and waste cooking oils as alternative feed resources in broiler nutrition. Sci Rep. 12, 21216.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25761-7 PMid:36481691 PMCid:PMC9731951
24. Reddy, M.K., Gupta, S.K., Jacob, M.R., Khan, S.I., Ferreira, D. (2007). Antioxidant, antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of tannin-rich fractions, ellagitannins and phenolic acids from Punica granatum L. Planta Med. 73(5): 461-467.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-967167 PMid:17566148
25. Ghasemi-Sadabadi, M., Ebrahimnezhad, Y., Maheri-Sis, N., Shaddel Teli, A., Ghiasi Ghalehkandi, J., Veldkamp, T. (2021). Supplementation of pomegranate processing waste and waste soybean cooking oil as an alternative feed resource with vitamin E in broiler nutrition: Effects on productive performance, meat quality and meat fatty acid composition. Arch Anim Nutr. 75(5): 355-375.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1965414 PMid:34461782
26. Elsebai, A., El-Tahawy, W.S., El-Attar, F.M., ELnaggar, A.S. (2022). Effect of dietary inclusion of pomergranate peel powder (Punica grantum) on growth performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chicks. J Agric Environ Sci. 21(2): 19-44.
https://doi.org/10.21608/jaesj.2022.159602.1017 27. Eid, Y., Kirrella, A.A., Tolba, A., El-Deeb, M., Sayed, S., El-Sawy, H.B., Shukry, M., Dawood, M.A.O. (2021). Dietary pomegranate by-product alleviated the oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone in laying hens in the pre-peak period. Animals 11(4): 1022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041022 PMid:33916329 PMCid:PMC8066172
28. Vasilopoulos, S., Dokou, S., Papadopoulos, G.A., Savvidou, S., Christaki, S., Kyriakoudi, A., Dotas, V., et al. (2022). Dietary supplementation with pomegranate and onion aqueous and cyclodextrin encapsulated extracts affects broiler performance parameters, welfare and meat characteristics. Poultry 1(2): 74-93.
https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry1020008 29. Kishawy, A.T., Omar, A.E., Gomaa, A.M. (2018). Growth performance and immunity of broilers fed rancid oil diets that supplemented with pomegranate peel extract and sage oil. Jpn J Vet Res. 64(Suppl 2): S31-S38.
30. Akarca, G., Başpinar, E. (2019). Determination of pomegranate peel and seed extracted in different solvents for antimicrobial effect. Turk J Agric Food Sci Technol. 7(1): 46-53.
31. Benchagra, L., Berrougui, H., Islam, M.O., Ramchoun, M., Boulbaroud, S., Hajjaji, A., Fulop, T., et al. (2021). Antioxidant effect of Moroccan pomegranate (Punica granatum l. sefri variety) extracts rich in punicalagin against the oxidative stress process. Foods 10(9): 2219.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092219 PMid:34574329 PMCid:PMC8469689
32. Ahmadipour, B., Pat, S., Khajali, F. (2018). The protective effect of pomegranate peel powder on pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens. JSM Biomarkers. 4(1): 1013.
33. Ahmadipour, B., Pat, S., Abaszadeh, S., Hassanpour, H., Khajali, F. (2021). Pomegranate peel as a phytogenic in broiler chickens: Influence upon antioxidant, lipogenesis and hypotensive response. Vet Med Sci. 7(5): 1907-1913.
https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.556 PMid:34132060 PMCid:PMC8464295
34. Tito, A., Colantuono, A., Pirone, L., Pedone, E., Intartaglia, D., Giamundo, G., Conte, I., et al. (2021). Pomegranate peel extract as an inhibitor of SARSCoV- 2 spike binding to human ACE2 receptor (in vitro): a promising source of novel antiviral drugs. Front Chem. 9, 638187.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.638187 PMid:33996744 PMCid:PMC8114579
35. Hamady, G.A., Abdel-Moneim, M.A., El-Chaghaby, G.A., Abd-El-Ghany, Z.M., Hassanin, M.S. (2015). Effect of pomegranate peel extract as natural growth promoter on the productive performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. Afr J Agric Sci Technol. 3(12): 514-519.
36. Rezvani, M.R., Rahimi, S. (2017). Effects of adding pomegranate peel extract and commercial antioxidant to diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal micro flora and antibody titer of broilers. J Vet Res. 72(2): 147-156.
37. Kishawy, A.T., Amer, S.A., Abd El-Hack, M.E., Saadeldin, I.M., Swelum, A.A. (2019). The impact of dietary linseed oil and pomegranate peel extract on broiler growth, carcass traits, serum lipid profile, and meat fatty acid, phenol, and flavonoid contents. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 32(8): 1161-1171.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0522 PMid:30744351 PMCid:PMC6599952
38. Sharifian, M., Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., Nasri, M.F., Perai, A.H. (2019). Pomegranate peel extract for broiler chickens under heat stress: Its influence on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, immunity, jejunal morphology, and meat quality. Livest Sci. 227, 22-28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.06.021 39. Abdel Baset, S., Ashour, E.A., Abd El-Hack, M.E., El-Mekkawy, M.M. (2022). Effect of different levels of pomegranate peel powder and probiotic supplementation on growth, carcass traits, blood serum metabolites, antioxidant status and meat quality of broilers. Anim Biotechnol. 33(4): 690-700.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2020.1825965 PMid:33000991
40. Rajani, J., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., Rahimi, S. (2011). Control of ascites mortality and improved performance and meat shelf-life in broilers using feed adjuncts with presumed antioxidant activity. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 170(3-4): 239-245.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.001 41. Ahmed, S.T., Yang, C.J. (2017). Effects of dietary Punica granatum L. by-products on performance, immunity, intestinal and fecal microbiology, and odorous gas emissions from excreta in broilers. J Poult Sci. 54(2): 157-166.
https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0160116 PMid:32908421 PMCid:PMC7477121
42. Saleh, H., Golian, A., Kermanshahi, H., Mirakzehi, M.T. (2017). Effects of dietary α-tocopherol acetate, pomegranate peel, and pomegranate peel extract on phenolic content, fatty acid composition, and meat quality of broiler chickens. J Appl Anim Res. 45(1): 629-636.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2016.1248841 43. Saleh, H., Golian, A., Kermanshahi, H., Mirakzehi, M.T. (2018). Antioxidant status and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with α-tocopherolacetate, pomegranate pomace and pomegranate pomace extract. Ital J Anim Sci. 17(2): 386-395.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1362966 44. Rao, S.V.R., Raju, M.V.L.N., Prakash, B., Rajkumar, U., Reddy, E.P.K. (2019). Effect of supplementing moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal on performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens. Anim Prod Sci. 59(2): 288-294.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17390 45. Akuru, E.A., Mpendulo, C.T., Oyeagu, C.E., Nantapo, C.W.T. (2021). Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel powder meal supplementation in broilers: effect on growth performance, digestibility, carcass and organ weights, serum and some meat antioxidant enzyme biomarkers. Ital J Anim Sci. 20(1): 119-131.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2020.1870877 46. Kamel, E.R., Shafk, B.M., Mamdouh, M., Elrafaay, S., Abdelfattah, F.A.I. (2021). Response of two strains of growing Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) to diet containing pomegranate peel powder. Trop Anim Health Prod. 53(6): 549.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02987-7 PMid:34782923
47. Mohamed, T.M., Sun, W., Bumbie, G.Z., Dosoky, W.M., Rao, Z., Hu, P., Wu, L., Tang, Z. (2022). Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, organ weight, digestive enzyme activities, and serum biochemical indices in broiler. Animals 12(12): 1558.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121558 PMid:35739895 PMCid:PMC9219452
48. Qnais, E.Y., Elokda, A.S., Abu Ghalyun, Y.Y., Abdulla, F.A. (2007). Antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (Pomegranate) peels. Pharm Biol. 45(9): 715-720.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701575304 49. Reddy, B.U., Mullick, R., Kumar, A., Sudha, G., Srinivasan, N., Das, S. (2014). Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication from pomegranate. Sci Rep. 4, 5411.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05411 PMid:24958333 PMCid:PMC4067622
50. Perricone, V., Comi, M., Giromini, C., Rebucci, R., Agazzi, A., Savoini, G., Bontempo, V. (2020). Green tea and pomegranate extract administered during critical moments of the production cycle improves blood antiradical activity and alters cecal microbial ecology of broiler chickens. Animals (Basel). 10(5): 785.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050785 PMid:32366030 PMCid:PMC7277556
51. Middha, S.K., Usha, T., Pande, V. (2013). HPLC evaluation of phenolic profile, nutritive content, and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from Punica granatum fruit peel. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2013, 296236.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/296236 PMid:23983682 PMCid:PMC3747345
52. Saeed, M., Naveed, M., Bibi, J., Kamboh, A.A., Arain, M.A., Shah, Q.A., Alagawany, M., et al. (2018). The promising pharmacological effects and therapeutic/medicinal applications of Punica Granatum L. (Pomegranate) as a functional food in humans and animals: a review. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 12(1): 24-38.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X12666180221154713 PMid:29473532
53 Cho, J.H., Kim, H.J., Kim, I.H. (2014). Effects of phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microbiota, meat color and relative organ weight after oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broilers. Livest Sci. 160, 82-88.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.006 54. Bostami, A.B.M.R., Ahmed, S.T., Islam, M.M. (2015). Growth performance, fecal noxious gas emission and economic efficacy in broilers fed fermented pomegranate byproducts as residue of fruit industry. Int J Adv Res. 3(3): 102-114.
55. Pascariu, S.M., Pop, I.M., Simeanu, D., Pavel, G., Solcan, C. (2017). Effects of wine by-products on growth performance, complete blood count and total antioxidant status in broilers. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 19(2): 191-202.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0305 56. Goni, I., Brenes, A., Centeno, C., Viveros, A., Saura-Calixto, F., Rebolé, A., Arija, I., Estevez, R. (2007). Effect of dietary grape pomace and vitamin E on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and susceptibility to meat lipid oxidation in chickens. Poult Sci. 86(3): 508-516.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.3.508 PMid:17297163
57. Marzo, F., Urdaneta, E., Santidrian, S. (2002). Liver proteolytic activity in tannic acid-fed birds. Poult Sci. 81(1): 92-94.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.1.92 PMid:11885906
58. Bravo, L., Abia, R., Eastwood, M.A., Saura-Calixtol, F. (1994). Degradation of polyphenols (catechin and tannic acid) in the rat intestinal tract. Effect on coloic fermentation and faecal output. Br J Nutr. 71(6): 933-946.
https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19940197 PMid:8031740
59. Saleh, H. (2015). Effects of natural antioxidant on the immune response, antioxidant enzymes and hematological broilers chickens. Iran Vet J. 11(3): 67-79.
60. Banaszkiewicz, T., Białek, A., Tokarz, A., Kaszperuk, K. (2018). Effect of dietary grape and pomegranate seed oil on the post-slaughter value and physicochemical properties of muscles of broiler chickens. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 17(3): 199-209.
https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0563 PMid:30269459
61. Hamad, K.M., Kareem, K.Y. (2019). Growth performance, carcass quality, and economics of production of Japanese quails fed with pomegranate peel powder. Int J Eng Technol Manag Appl Sci. 10(14): 10A14L.
62. Akuru, E.A., Oyeagu, C.E., Mpendulo, T.C., Rautenbach, F., Oguntibeju, O.O. (2020). Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel powder meal dietary supplementation on antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broilers. Heliyon 6(12): e05709.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05709 PMid:33364487 PMCid:PMC7750561
63. Murugesan, G.R., Syed, B., Haldar, S., Pender, C. (2015). Corrigendum: phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci. 2, 21.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2015.00037 64. Al-Shammari, K.I.A., Batkowska, J., Zamil, S.J. (2019). Role of pomegranate peels and black pepper powder and their mixture in alleviating the oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci. 18(3): 122-128.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.122.128 65. Szymczyk, B., Szczurek, W. (2016). Effect of dietary pomegranate seed oil and linseed oil on broiler chickens performance and meat fatty acid profile. J Anim Feed Sci. 25(1): 37-44.
https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65585/2016 66. Rafiei, F., Khajali, F. (2021). Flavonoid antioxidants in chicken meat production: Potential application and future trends. World Poult Sci J. 77(2): 347-361.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2021.1891401 67. Saki, A.A., Rabet, M., Zamani, P., Yousefi, A. (2014). The effects of different levels of pomegranate seed pulp with multi‐enzyme on performance, egg quality and serum antioxidant in laying hens. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 4(4): 803-808.
68. Abbas, R.J., Al-Salhie, K.C.K., Al-Hummod, S.K. (2017). The effect of using different levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel powder on productive and physiological performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Livest Res Rural Dev. 29(12): 231.
69. Ghahtan, N., Kohanmoo, M.A., Habibi, H. (2019). Evaluation of dietary medicinal plants and algae in laying Japanese quails. J World Poult Res. 9(2): 82-88.
https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2019.10 70. Mutlu, S.I., Güler, T. (2021). The effect of ellagic acid on performance, digestibility, egg quality, cecal bacterial flora, antioxidant activity, and some blood parameters in laying quails reared at different temperatures. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 45(1): 101-112.
https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-2002-58 71. Gultepe, E.E., Iqbal, A., Cetingul, I.S., Uyarlar, C., Ozcinar, U., Bayram, I. (2022). Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice as a shortterm water supplement during the peak production cycle in laying hens. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 69, 241-249.
https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.795175 72. Iqbal, A., Bayram, I., Gultepe, E.E., Uyarlar, C.,Ümit, Õ, Cetingul İ.S. (2021). The Effect of different level of Pomegranate molasses on performance, egg quality trait, serological and hematological parameters in older laying hens: the use of pomegranate molasses as growth promoter in poultry nutrition. Progr Nutr. 22(4): e2020052.
73. Sharma, M.K., Dinh, T., Adhikari, P.A. (2020). Production performance, egg quality, and small intestine histomorphology of the laying hens supplemented with phytogenic feed additive. J Appl Poult Res. 29(2): 362-371.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2019.12.001 74. Kostogrys, R.B., Filipiak-Florkiewicz, A., Dereń, K., Drahun, A., Czyżyńska-Cichoń, I., Cieślik, E., Szymczyk, B., Franczyk-Żarów, M. (2017). Effect of dietary pomegranate seed oil on laying hen performance and physicochemical properties of eggs. Food Chem. 221, 1096-1103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.051 PMid:27979064
75. Johanningsmeier, S.D., Harris, G.K. (2011). Pomegranate as a functional food and nutraceutical source. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2: 181-201.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-030810-153709 PMid:22129380
76. Seeram, N.P., Adams, L.S., Henning, S.M., Niu, Y., Zhang, Y., Nair, M.G., Heber, D. (2005). In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem. 16(6): 360-367.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006 PMid:15936648
77. Singh, B., Singh, J.P., Kaur, A., Singh, N. (2018). Phenolic compounds as beneficial phytochemicals in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel: a review. Food Chem. 261, 75-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.039 PMid:29739608
78. Ghosh, S., Chatterjee, P.N., Maity, A., Mukherjee, J., Batabyal, S., Chatterjee, J.K. (2020). Effect of supplementing pomegranate peel infusion on body growth, feed efficiency, biochemical metabolites and antioxidant status of broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod. 52(6): 3899-3905.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02352-0 PMid:32737663
79. Ginsburg, I., Kohen, R., Koren, E. (2011). Microbial and host cells acquire enhanced oxidant-scavenging abilities by binding polyphenols. Arch Biochem Biophys. 506(1): 12-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2010.11.009 PMid:21081104
80. Faria, A., Monteiro, R., Mateus, N., Azevedo, I., Calhau, C. (2007). Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice intake on hepatic oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr. 46(5): 271-278.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-007-0661-z PMid:17514376
81. Gil, M.I., Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Hess-Pierce, B., Holcroft, D.M., Kader, A.A. (2000). Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem. 48(10): 4581-4589.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000404a PMid:11052704
82. Gözlekçi, S., Saraçoğlu, O., Onursal, E., Ozgen, M. (2011). Total phenolic distribution of juice, peel, and seed extracts of four pomegranate cultivars. Pharmacogn Mag. 7(26): 161-164.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.80681 PMid:21716925 PMCid:PMC3113357
83. Benchagra, L., Berrougui, H., Islam, M.O., Ramchoun, M., Boulbaroud, S., Hajjaji, A., Fulop, T., et al. (2021). Antioxidant effect of Moroccan pomegranate (Punica granatum L. Sefri Variety) extracts rich in punicalagin against the oxidative stress process. Foods. 10(9): 2219.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092219 PMid:34574329 PMCid:PMC8469689
84. Afaq, F., Saleem, M., Krueger, C.G., Reed, J.D., Mukhtar, H. (2005). Anthocyaninand hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF- B pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice. Int J Cancer. 113(3): 423-433.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20587 PMid:15455341
85. Singh, J.P., Kaur, A., Shevkani, K., Singh, N. (2016). Composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of common Indian fruits and vegetables. J Food Sci Technol. 53(11): 4056-4066.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2412-8 PMid:28035161 PMCid:PMC5156649
86. Kanatt, S.R., Chander, R., Sharma, A. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract improves the shelf life of chicken products. Int J Food Sci Technol. 45(2): 216-222.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.02124.x 87. Khor rami, P., Gholami-Ahangaran, M., Moghtadaei-Khorasgani, E. (2022). The efficacy of pomegranate peel extract on Eimeria shedding and growth indices in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci. 8(2): 635-641.
https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.714 PMid:34981905 PMCid:PMC8959253
88. Dahham, S.S., Ali, M.N., Tabassum, H., Khan, M. (2010). Studies on antibacterial and antifungal activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 9(3): 273-281.
89. Growther, L., Sukirtha, K., Savitha, N., Niren, A.S. (2012). Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum peel extracts against shiga toxin producing E. coli. Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res. 1(4): 164-172. 90. Prashanth, D.J., Asha, M.K., Amit, A. (2001). Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum. Fitoterapia 72(2): 171-173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00270-7 PMid:11223228
91. Voravuthikunchai, S.P., Sririrak, T., Limsuwan, S., Supawita, T., Iida, T., Honda, T. (2005). Inhibitory effects of active compounds from Punica granatum pericarp on verocytotoxin production by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Health Sci. 51(5): 590-596.
https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.51.590 92. McCarrell, E.M., Gould, S.W., Fielder, M.D., Kelly, A.F., El Sankary, W., Naughton, D.P. (2008). Antimicrobial activities of pomegranate rind extracts: enhancement by addition of metal salts and vitamin C. BMC Complement Altern Med. 8, 64.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-8-64 PMid:19077299 PMCid:PMC2628863
93. Nuamsetti, T., Dechayuenyong, P., Tantipaibulvut, S. (2012). Antibacterial activity of pomegranate fruit peels and arils. Sci Asia. 38, 319-322.
https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2012.38.319 94. Juneja, V.K., Cadavez, V., Gonzales-Barron, U., Mukhopadhyay, S., Friedman, M. (2016). Effect of pomegranate powder on the heat inactivation of Escherichia coli O104:H4 in ground chicken. Food Control. 70, 26-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.027 95. Pagliarulo, C., De Vito, V., Picariello, G., Colicchio, R., Pastore, G., Salvatore, P., Volpe, M.G. (2016). Inhibitory effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) polyphenol extracts on the bacterial growth and survival of clinical isolates of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Food Chem. 190, 824-831.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.028 PMid:26213044
96. Wafa, B.A., Makni, M., Ammar, S., Khannous, L., Hassana, A.B., Bouaziz, M., Es-Safi, N.E., Gdoura, R. (2017). Antimicrobial effect of the Tunisian Nana variety Punica granatum L. extracts against Salmonella enterica (serovars Kentucky and Enteritidis) isolated from chicken meat and phenolic composition of its peel extract. Int J Food Microbiol. 241, 123-131.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.007 PMid:27776287
97. Abdollahzadeh, S.H., Mashouf, R.Y., Mortazavi, H., Moghaddam, M.H., Roozbahani, N., Vahedi, M. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Punica granatum peel extracts against oral pathogens. J Dent (Tehran) 8(1): 1-6.
98. Oraki, H.H., Demirci, A.S., Gümü¸S.T. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv.) peel. Elec J Env Agricult Food Chem. 10(3): 1958-1969.
99. Singh, B., Singh, J.P., Kaur, A., Singh, N. (2019). Antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol. 54(4): 959-965.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13964 100. Scalbert, A. (1991). Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry 30(12): 3875-3883.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83426-L 101. Viuda‐Martos, M., Fernández‐López, J., Pérez‐Álvarez, J.A. (2010). Pomegranate and its many functional components as related to human health: a review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 9(6): 635-654.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00131.x PMid:33467822
102. Vidanarachchi, J.K., Mikkelsen, L., Sims, I., Iji, P., Choct, M. (2005). Phytobiotics: Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in monogastric animal feeds. Recent Adv Anim Nutr Australia. 15, 131-144.
103. Ferreira, S.B., Palmeira, J.D., Souza, J.H., Almeida, J.M., Figueiredo, M.C.P., Pequeno, A.S., Arruda, T.A., et al. (2010). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic extract Stryphnodendron adstringens against of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Braz J Clin Anal 42, 27-31.
104. Tang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhu, P., Li, G., Zhang, J., et al. (2022). Correction: Dietary ellagic acid ameliorated Clostridium perfringensinduced subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers via regulating inflammation and cecal microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 13(1): 66.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00724-0 PMid:35562813 PMCid:PMC9103450
105. Sarica, S., Urkmez, D. (2016). The use of grape seed-, olive leaf-and pomegranate peel-extracts as alternative natural antimicrobial feed additives in broiler diets. Europ Poult Sci. 80, 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2016.121 106. Fahmy, Z.H., El-Shennawy, A.M., El-Komy, W., Ali, E., Hamid, S.S.A. (2009). Potential antiparasitic activity of pomegranate extracts against Schistosomules schis and mature worms of Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro and in vivo study. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 3(4): 4634-4643.
107. El-Sherbini, G.T., Shoukry, N.M. (2012). In vitro effect of pomegranate peel extract on Trichomonas tenax. Life Sci J. 9(3): 791-797.
108. Al-Mathal, E.M., Alsalem, A.A. (2013). Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel is effective in a murine model of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum ultrastructural studies of the ileum. Exp Parasitol. 134(4): 482-494.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2013.05.004 PMid:23684569
109. Boonmasawai, S., Sungpradit, S., Jirapattharasate, C., Nakthong, C., Piasai, L. (2013). Effects of alcoholic extract from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels on gastrointestinal nematode egg counts in doe. J Appl Anim Sci. 6(2): 27-37.
110. Bunviboolvat, P., Taechaarpornkul, N., Saratham, J., Sungpradit, S., Jirapattharasate, C., Nakthong, C., Piasai, L., et al. (2013). Anthelmintic effects of ethanolic extracts from pomegranate peels, mangosteen peels and tamarind seeds on gastrointestinal nematode egg counts in lambs. J Appl Anim Sci. 6(2): 39-48.
111. Al-Megrin, W. (2016). Efficacy of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract against Hymenolepis nana in infections mice. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia. 13(1): 103-108.
https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2010 112. Al-Megrin, W.A. (2017). In vivo study of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract efficacy against Giardia lamblia in infected experimental mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 7(1): 59-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.018 113. Elfalleh, W., Hannachi, H., Tlili, N., Yahia, Y., Nasri, N., Ferchichi, A. (2012). Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel, seed, leaf and flower. J Med Plant Res. 6(32): 4724-4730.
https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.995 114. Bazargani-Gilani, B., Aliakbarlu, J., Tajik, H. (2015). Effect of pomegranate juice dip ping and chitosan coating enriched with Zataria multifora Boiss essential oil on the shelf-life of chicken meat during refrigerated storage. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 29, 280-287.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2015.04.007 115. Hayrapetyan, H., Hazeleger, W.C., Beumer, R.R. (2012). Inhibition of Listeria mono cytogenes by pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract in meat paté at different temperatures. Food Control. 23(1): 66-72.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.06.012 116. Kumar, K.P., Reddy, V.R., Prakash, M.G. (2018). Effect of supplementing pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract on serum biochemical parameters and immune response in broilers during summer. Pharma Innov J. 7(3): 597-601.
117. Fadavi, A, Barzegar, M., Azizi, M.H. (2006). Determination of fatty acids and total lipid content in oilseed of 25 pomegranates varieties grown in Iran. J Food Compos Anal. 19(6-7): 676 680.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2004.09.002 118. Melo, I.L.P., Carvalho, E.B.T., Mancini-Filho, J. (2014). Pomegranate seed oil (Punica Granatum L.): a source of punicic acid (Conjugated α-Linolenic Acid). J Hum Nutr Food Sci. 2(1): 1024.
119. Wang, Y.W., Field, C.J., Sim, J.S. (2000). Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids alter lymphocyte subset proportion and proliferation, serum immunoglobulin g concentration, and immune tissue development in chicks. Poult Sci. 79(12): 1741-1748.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1741 PMid:11194036
120. Yaseen, A.T, El-Kholy, M.E.S.H, El-Razik, W.M.A., Soliman, M.H. (2016). Effect of using pomegranate peel extract as feed additive on performance, serum lipids and immunity of broiler chicks. Zagazig Vet J. 42(1): 87-92.
https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2014.59473 121. Hou, C., Zhang, W., Li, J., Du, L., Lv, O., Zhao, S., Li, J. (2019). Beneficial effects of pomegranate on lipid metabolism in metabolic disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res. 63(16): e1800773.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800773 PMid:30677224
122.Aviram, M., Fuhrman, B. (2001). Flavonoid antioxidants protect LDL from oxidation and attenuate atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 12(1): 41-48.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200102000-00008 PMid:11176202
123. Esmaillzadeh, A., Tahbaz, F., Gaieni, I., Alavi-Majd, H., Azadbakht, L. (2006). Cholesterollowering effect of concentrated pomegranate juice consumption in type II diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 76(3): 147-151.
https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.76.3.147 PMid:17048194
124. Lv, O., Wang, L., Li, J., Ma, Q., Zhao, W. (2016). Effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols on lipid accumulation and cholesterol metabolic transformation in L-02 human hepatic cells via the PPARγ-ABCA1/CYP7A1 pathway. Food Funct. 7(12): 4976-4983.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO01261B PMid:27845788
125. Zhao, W., Li, J., He, X., Lv, O., Cheng, Y., Liu, R. (2014). In vitro steatosis hepatic cell model to compare the lipid-lowering effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols with several other plant polyphenols as well as its related cholesterol efflux mechanisms. Toxicol Rep. 1, 945-954.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.013 PMid:28962306 PMCid:PMC5598384
126. Wu, S., Tian, L. (2017). Diverse phytochemicals and bioactivities in the ancient fruit and modern functional food pomegranate (Punica granatum). Molecules 22(10): 1606.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101606 PMid:28946708 PMCid:PMC6151597
127. Manthou, E., Georgakouli, K., Deli, C.K., Sotiropoulos, A., Fatouros, I.G., Kouretas, D., Haroutounian, S., et al. (2017). Effect of pomegranate juice consumption on biochemical parameters and complete blood count. Exp Ther Med. 14(2): 1756-1762.
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4690 PMid:28781633 PMCid:PMC5526177
128. Mollazadeh, H., Sadeghnia, H.R., Hoseini, A., Farzadnia, M., Boroushaki, M.T. (2016). Effects of pomegranate seed oil on oxidative stress markers, serum biochemical parameters and pathological findings in kidney and heart of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Ren Fail. 38(8): 1256-1266.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022X.2016.1207053 PMid:27453190
129. Attia, N.Y.A., Abd El-Aleem, I.M., El-Tobgy, K.M.K., Mohamed, H.F. (2014). Biochemical studies on pomegranate. Ann Agric Sci., Moshtohor 52(4): 481-494.
https://doi.org/10.21608/assjm.2014.111897 
10.2478/macvetrev-2023-0022
