Original Scientific Article
Developmental changes of lymphoid tissue in Harderian gland of the laying hens
Pamela Bejdić
*
,
Rizah Avdić
,
Ljiljana Amidžić
,
Velida Ćutahija
,
Faruk Tandir
,
Nedžad Hadžiomerović
Received: 02 December 2013
Received in revised form: 05 February 2014
Accepted: 13 February 2014
Available Online First: 18 February 2014
Published on: 15 March 2014
Correspondence: Pamela Bejdić, pamela.bejdic@hotmail.com
Abstract
The Harderian gland of 110 laying hens was histologically investigated from the time of hatching to the period of 10 months of age. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and methyl green-pyronin technique. The research shows that lymphoid tissue is colonised by three types of cells: heterophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The number of these cells is directly dependent on the bird’s age. During the lifetime of the hens there gradually comes a shift in the dominance of these three cell types. Lymphoid nodules are detected only in 40-day-old chickens, while later in adult birds the Harderian gland is the organ which contains the largest number of mature plasma cells. Some plasma cells contain Russell bodies with different size and shape.
Keywords: Harderian gland, lymphoid tissue, development
References
1. Baccari, G.C. (1998). Organogenesis of the Harderian gland: A Comparative survey. Microsc Res Techniq. 34, 6-15.
2. Bang, B., Bang, F.B. (1968). Localized lymphoid tissues and plasma cells in paraocular and paranasal organ systems in chickens. Am J Pathol. 53, 735-751.
3. Boydak, M., Aydin, M.F. (2009). Histology of the Harderian Gland of Domestic Geese (Anser anser domesticus). Acta Vet. Brno 78,199-204.
4. Burns, R.B., Maxwell, M.H. (1979). The structure of the Harderian and lacrimal gland ducts of the Turkey, Fowl and Duck. A light microscope study. J Anat. 128, 285-292.
5. Buzzell, G.R. (1996). The Harderian gland-Perspectives. Microsc Res Techniq. 34, 2-5.
6. Chieffi, G., Baccari, G.C., Di Matteo, L., D’istria, M., Minucci, S., Varriale, B. (1996). Cell biology of the Harderian gland. Int Rev Cytol. 168, 1-80.
7. Dimitrov, D.S., Nikifov, I.P. (2005). Histological and Histochemical studies of Harderian gland, lacrimal gland and Bursa of Fabricius in Mulard Ducks (Anas sterilis) with Chlamydial infection. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. 8, 119-127.
8. Hirmatsu, K., Ohshima, K. (2005). Confocal laser scanning microscopy of distribution of Neural Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive nerves in chicken Harderian gland. J Poult Sci. 42, 24-29.
9. Khan, M.Z.I., Jahan, M.R., Islam, M.N., Haque, Z., Kon, Y. (2007). Immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing plasma cells in the Harderian gland in broiler and native chickens of Bangladesh. Tissue & Cell 39, 141-149.
10. Maxwell, M.H., Burns, R.B. (1979). The ultrastructure of the epitelium of the ducts of the Harderian glands of turkey, fowl and duck. J Anat. 128, 445-459.
11. Maxwell, M.H., Rothwell, B., Burns, R.B. (1986). A fine structural study of the turkey Harderian gland. J Anat. 148, 147-157.
12. Mobini, B. (2012). Histological and histochemical studies on the Harderian gland in native chickens. Veterinarni Medicina 57, 404–409.
13. Ohshima, K., Hiramatsu, K. (2002). Immunohistochemical localisation of three different immunoglobulin classes in the Harderian gland of young chickens. Tissue & Cell 34, 129-133.
14. Oláh, I., Kupper, A., Kittner, Z. (1995). The lymphoid substance of the chicken’s Harderian gland is organized in two histologically distinct compartments. Microsc Res Techniq. 34, 166-176.
15. Pawar, A., Venkatkrishnan, A., Vijayeravagan, C., Ramkrishnn, V. (1998). Histological study of the Harderian gland of White Leghorn with reference to plasma cells. Indian J Anim Sci. 68, 141-142.
16. Payne, A.P. (1994). The Harderian gland: A Tercentennial Review. J Anat185, 1-49.
17. Rothwell, B., Wight, P.A.L., Burns, R.B., Mackenzie, G.M. (1972). The Harderian glands of domestic Fowl. III. Ultrastructure. J Anat. 112, 233-250.
18. Schramm, U. (1980). Lymphoid cells in the Harderian gland of birds. An electron microscopical study. Cell Tissue Res. 205, 85-94.
19. Scott, T.R., Savage, M.L. (1996). Immune cell proliferation in the Harderian gland: An avian model. Microsc Res Techiq. 34,149-5
20. Scott, T.R., Savage, M.L., Olah, I. (1993). Plasma cells of the chicken Harderian gland. Poult Sci. 72, 1273-1279.
21. Shirama, K., Satoh, T., Kitamura, T., Yamada, J. (1996). The avian Harderian gland: morphology and immunology. Microsc Res Techniq. 34, 16-27.
22. Wight, P.A.L, Burns, R.B., Rothwell, B., Mackenzie, G.M. (1971a). The Harderian glands of domestic Fowl. I. Histology, with references to the genesis of plasma cells and Russell bodies. J Anat. 110, 307-315.
23. Wight, P.A.L, Mackenzie, G.M., Rothwell, B., Burns, R.B. (1971b). The Harderian glands of domestic Fowl. II. Histochemistry. J Anat. 110, 323-333.
Copyright
© 2014 Bejdic P. This is an open-access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Acknowledgment
We are grateful to the Federal Ministry of Education and Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina which has provided financial support for this research. Also, we are indebted to our colleagues from the Agreks company who have provided all the material for this research.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declared that they have no potential conflict of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
Citation Information
Macedonian Veterinary Review. Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 83-88, p-ISSN 1409-7621, e-ISSN 1857-7415, DOI: 10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.02.009, 2014
10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.02.009
