Original Scientific Article
Visualization and measurement of teat structures in Black-and-White cows through ultrasonography
Ivan Fasulkov
*
,
Nasko Vasilev
,
Manol Karadaev
,
Galina Dineva
Received: 17 December 2013
Received in revised form: 27 January 2014
Accepted: 05 February 2014
Available Online First: 17 February 2014
Published on: 15 March 2014
Correspondence: Ivan Fasulkov, i.fasulkov@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the features and size of teat structures in cows using ultrasonography. The experiment was conducted with 12 clinically healthy Black-and-White cows, 3 years of age, with body weight of 350–450 kg. Ultrasonography was performed on 48 teats using ultrasound SonoScape A5v (SonoScape, China) with multifrequency linear transducer (5–12 MHz). The potential of the imaging technique to visualize teat structures as well as teat canal length and diameter, the diameter in the area of the Furstenberg’s rosette, teat wall thickness, teat cistern diameter in its middle part and teat cistern diameter in teat base was evaluated. Scans were conducted before milking, immediately after milking, and 1 and 2 hours after milking. The average teat canal length measured by ultrasound was 8.48±1.41 mm before milking, and until the 2nd post-milking hour its size became statistically significantly (p<0.001) lower (7.48±0.93 mm). Teat canal diameter showed a significant difference (p<0.01) only immediately after milking compared to the size before milking. The diameter of the middle part and the base of the teat cistern also tended to decrease considerably after milking (p<0.001) as compared to premilking values. The teat wall thickness immediately after milking and 1 hour after milking were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to the premilking size. The analysis of results showed that ultrasonography is a rapid non-invasive and accurate method for determination of characteristics and size of teat structures. It could be used for evaluation of changes occurring in bovine teat after milking – shortening of the teat canal, teat wall thickening and reduction of teat cistern diameter.
Keywords: ultrasonography, teat, cows
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Copyright
© 2014 Fasulkov I. This is an open-access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declared that they have no potential conflict of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
Citation Information
Macedonian Veterinary Review. Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 89-93, p-ISSN 1409-7621, e-ISSN 1857-7415, DOI: 10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.02.010, 2014
10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.02.010
