Review Article
Highlights on artificial insemination (AI) technology in the pig
Tarek Khalifa * ,
Constantinos Rekkas ,
Foteini Samartzi ,
Aristotelis Lymberopoulos ,
Kostas Kousenidis ,
Toni Dovenski

Mac Vet Rev 2014; 37 (1): 5 - 34

10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.09.022

Received: 07 September 2013

Received in revised form: 12 July 2019

Accepted: 30 September 2013

Available Online First: 15 September 2013

Published on: 15 March 2014

Correspondence: Tarek Khalifa, drtarekkhalifa@gmail.com
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Abstract

Over the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the development of field AI services in the majority of countries concerned with pig production. The objective of this paper is to review: (a) the current status of swine AI in the world, (b) significance and limitation of AI with liquid and frozen semen, (c) the biological traits of porcine semen in relation to in-vitro sperm storage, (d) the criteria used for selection of a boar stud as a semen supplier, (e) how to process boar semen for liquid and frozen storage in the commercial settings and (f) how to improve fertility and prolificacy of boar semen. More than 99% of the inseminations conducted worldwide are made with liquid-stored semen. AI with frozen semen is used only for upgrading the genetic base in a particular country or herd. Determining the initial quality of semen ejaculates along with the selection of the optimum storage extender has a profound effect on the quality and fertility of AI doses. Different procedures have been used for improving the fertility of preserved spermatozoa including colloidal centrifugation of the semen, intrauterine insemination and modulation of the uterine defense mechanism after AI. Development of an efficient protocol for synchronizing the time of ovulation in sows and gilts coupled with improving uterine horn insemination technique will make a breakthrough in the commercial use of frozen boar semen.

Keywords: boar; semen storage; artificial insemination; fertility

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Copyright

© 2014 Khalifa T. This is an open-access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by Nidacon International AB, Flöjelbergsgatan 16B, SE-431 37 Mölndal, Sweden (Project # 1003-P; 2011-2012) and by the Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, 57001 NAGREF Campus, Thermi, P.O. Box 60272, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declared that they have no potential conflict of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Citation Information

Macedonian Veterinary Review. Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 5-34, p-ISSN 1409-7621, e-ISSN 1857-7415, DOI: 10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.09.022, 2014

The all content of the Macedonian Veterinary Review, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.