Macedonian Veterinary Review

Original Scientific Article

Protective efficacy of a locally prepared bivalent duck viral hepatitis “serotypes 1 and 3” inactivated vaccine

Dalia M. Omar

Mohamed A. Abdrabo

Nermin M. Monir

Nermeen A. Marden *

Heba M.G. Abdelaziz

Walaa A. ElSayed

Nahed Yehia

Sabry E. Omar

Ahmed M. Erfan

Abdel-Satar Arafa

Momtaz A. Shahein

Lamiaa M. Omar

Mac Vet Rev 2024; 47 (1): 5 - 11

10.2478/macvetrev-2024-0010

Received: 09 August 2023

Received in revised form: 07 December 2023

Accepted: 07 December 2023

Available Online First: 15 January 2024

Published on: 15 March 2024

Correspondence: Nermeen A. Marden, nermeen.marden@gmail.com

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Abstract

The spread of duck hepatitis virus (DHV) in Egypt with its’ most prevalent genotypes (1 and 3) causes vast economic losses in the duck industry despite the regular vaccination with live attenuated vaccines. However, the use of live-vaccines is considered a potential risk for the non-vaccinated birds due to the viral shedding from vaccinated populations. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy and safety of two inactivated monovalent and one bivalent vaccines against DHV 1 and 3 genotypes. The inactivated monovalent (DHAV-1, DHAV-3) and bivalent (DHAV-1+3) vaccines were produced by using Montanide ISA 70 oil as an adjuvant. Three groups of 4-week-old ducklings (n=50) were vaccinated with one of the three vaccines, respectively. One group of ducklings was used as negative control (n=25). The immune-response of the vaccinated groups was measured by Virus Neutralization Test and expressed with Neutralizing Indices (NIs). The NIs for the bivalent vaccine group (5.6 and 5.4) were higher compared to the monovalent vaccine groups (5.0 and 4.7). In conclusion, the use of inactivated bivalent DHV vaccine could produce higher protective efficacy compared to the monovalent DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines.

Keywords: DHAV genotype 1, DHAV genotype 3, duck hepatitis virus type I (DHAV), inactivated duck hepatitis vaccine, Neutralization index (NI)

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Copyright

© 2024 Omar D.M. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declared that they have no potential lict of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Citation Information

Macedonian Veterinary Review. Volume 47, Issue 1, Pages 5-11, e-ISSN 1857-7415, p-ISSN 1409-7621, DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2024-0010